The/ the given / the supplied / the presented / the shown / the provided
diagram / table / figure / illustration / graph / chart / flow chart / picture/ presentation/ pie chart / bar graph/ column graph / line graph / table data/ data / information / pictorial/ process diagram/ map/ pie chart and table/ bar graph and pie chart …
shows / represents / depicts / enumerates / illustrates / presents/ gives / provides / delineates/ outlines/ describes / delineates/ expresses/ denotes/ compares/ shows contrast / indicates / figures / gives data on / gives information on/ presents information about/ shows data about/ demonstrates/ sketch out/ summarises…
the comparison of…
the differences…
the changes…
the number of…
information on…
data on…
the proportion of…
the amount of…
information on…
data about…
comparative data…
the trend of…
the percentages of…
the ratio of…
how the…
Example :
- The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four European countries from 1925 to 1985.
- The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6 broad categories, dividing into manual and non-manual occupations in Australia, between 2010 and 2015.
- The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six products in four countries namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.
- The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduates in three developing countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these countries.
- The bar graph and the table data depict the water consumption in different sectors in five regions.
- The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981.
- The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015.
Tips:
- For a single graph use ‘s’ after the verb, like – gives data on, shows/ presents etc. However, if there are multiple graphs, DO NOT use ‘s’ after the verb.
- If there are multiple graphs and each one presents a different type of data, you can write which graph presents what type of data and use ‘while’ to show a connection. For example – ‘The given bar graph shows the amount spent on fast food items in 2009 in the UK while the pie chart presents a comparison of people’s ages who spent more on fast food.
- Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the first impression on the examiner. It either makes or breaks your overall score.
- For multiple graphs and/ or table(s), you can write what they present in combination instead of saying which each graph depicts. For example, “The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period.”
Caution:
Never copy word for word from the question. If you do, you would be penalised. always paraphrase the introduction in your own words.
General Statement Part:
The General statement is the first sentence (or two) you write in your reporting. It should always deal with:
What + Where + When.
Example: The diagram presents information on the percentages of teachers who have expressed their views about the different problems they face when dealing with children in three Australian schools from 2001 to 2005.
What = the percentages of teachers…
Where = three Australian schools…
When = from 2001 to 2005…
A good General statement should always have these parts.
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Vocabulary for the General Trend Part:
In general, In common, Generally speaking, Overall, It is obvious, As it is observed, As a general trend, As can be seen, As an overall trend/ As overall trend, As it is presented, It can be clearly seen that, At the first glance, it is clear, At the onset, it is clear that, A glance at the graphs reveals that…
Example:
- In general, the employment opportunities increased till 1970 and then declined throughout the next decade.
- As it is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no overall pattern, rather shows the considerable fluctuations from country to country.
- Generally speaking, citizens in the USA had a far better life standard than that of the remaining countries.
- As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London Underground station at 8:00 in the morning and at 6:00 in the evening.
- Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions in 1987 than that of women in New York this year.
- As an overall trend, the number of crimes reported increased fairly rapidly until the mid-seventies, remained constant for five years and finally, dropped to 20 cases a week after 1982.
- At a first glance, it is clear that more percentages of native university pupils violated regulations and rules than the foreign students did during this period.
- At the onset, it is clear that drinking in public and drink-driving were the most common reasons for US citizens to be arrested in 2014.
- Overall, the leisure hours enjoyed by males, regardless of their employment status, was much higher than that of women.
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Reporting Details:
Main features in the Details
- Comparison and Contrast of the data. (Do not give all the figures.)
- Most striking features of the graph.
Conclusion:
Conclusion (General statement + Implications, significant comments)
[The conclusion part is optional.]
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Body paragraphs:
- As it is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table…
- As (it is) shown in the illustration…
- As can be seen in the…
- As the diagrams suggest…
- According to the…
- Categorically speaking…
- Getting back to the details…
- Now, turning to the details…
- The table data clearly shows that…
- The diagram reveals that…
- The data suggest that…
- The graph gives the figure…
- It is interesting to note that…
- It is apparently seen that…
- It is conspicuous that…
- It is explicitly observed that…
- It is obvious…
- It is clear from the data…
- It is worth noticing that…
- It is crystal clear/ lucid that…
- It can be clearly observed that…
- It could be plainly viewed that…
- It could be noticed that…
- We can see that…
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Words/ Phrases of Approximation – Vocabulary:
» Approximately
» Nearly
» Roughly
» Almost
» About
» Around
» More or less
» Just over
» Just under
» Just around
» Just about
» Just below
» A little more than
» A little less than.
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Not mine, taken from the internet.
